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Abstract
Environmental protection is a set of laws that reduce the negative impacts of commercial organizations' activities on the environment. This research is necessary to clarify the effects of environmental protection laws and their elements on the operations of commercial organizations in Kandahar province.The research is quantitative, and primary data was collected through a questionnaire from 92 respondents. Secondary data was gathered from journals, books, magazines, and reputable internet websites. After data collection, the information was analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistical program. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.706. The findings of this research indicate that environmental protection laws have a significant impact on the activities of commercial organizations in Kandahar province. Therefore, commercial organizations should comply with and adhere to the various elements of environmental protection laws while conducting their business operations.
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References
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References
Anderson, L. and T. Bateman. 2000. Individual environmental initiative:Championing natural environmental issues in U.S. business organi-zations. Academy of Management Journal 43, 539-547. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1556355
Andrews, R. et al. 2003. Environmental Management Systems: Do They Im- prove Performance? Final Repor of the National Database on Envi-ronmental Management Systems Pilot Project. Chapel Hill, NC: De- partment of Public Policy, UNC-Chapel Hill. https://www.c2e2.org/documents/emsivolumei.pdf
Anton, W., G. Deltas, and M. Khanna. 2004. Incentives for environmental self-regulation and implications for environmental performance.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 48, 1, 632-654. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0095069603001025
Arora, S. and S. Gangopadhyay. 1995. Toward a theoretical model of vol-untary overcompliance. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organiza-tion 28, 3, 289-310. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0167268195000372
Bansal, P. and W. Bogner. 2002. Deciding on ISO 14001: Economics, in-stitutions, and context. Long Range Planning 35, 3, 269-290. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024630102000468
Berman, E., and Bui, L. T. M. (2001). Environmental Regulation and Productivity: Evidence from Oil Refineries. Rev. Econ. Statistics 83 (3), 498–510. doi:10.1162/ 00346530152480144
Christmann, P. 2000. Effects of “best practices” of environmental manage-ment on cost advantage: The role of complementary assets. Academy of Management Journal 43, 663-680. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1556360
Christmann, P. and G. Taylor. 2001. Globalization and the environment:Determinants of firm self-regulation in China. Journal of Interna-tional Business Studies,32, 439-458. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3069490.
Coglianese, C. and J. Nash. 2001. Regulating from the inside: Can envi-ronmental management systems achieve policy goals? Resources for the future press. Distributed by Johns Hopkins University Press. https://media.rff.org/archive/files/sharepoint/WorkImages/Download/RFF-Bk-reg-from-inside-ch1.pdf
Corbett, C. and L. Van Wassenhove. 1993. The green fee: Internalizing and operationalizing environmental issues. California Management Review 36, 1, 116-136 https://cmr.berkeley.edu/1993/11/36-1-the-green-fee-internalizing-and-operationalizing-environmental-issues/
Delmas, M. A., & Toffel, M. W. (2008). Organizational responses to environmental demands: Opening the black box. Strategic Management Journal, 29(10), 1027-1055. Wiley Online Library - Organizational Responses to Environmental Demands
Janadri, M. (2017). Health and Aire pulotion. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/air-pollution
Lanoie, P., Laurent-Lucchetti, J., Johnstone, N., and Ambec, S. (2011). Environmental Policy, Innovation and Performance: New Insights on the Porter Hypothesis. J. Econ. Manag. Strategy 20 (3), 803–842. doi:10.1111/j. 1530-9134.2011.00301.
Li, B., and Wu, S. (2016). Effects of Local and Civil Environmental Regulation on Green Total Factor Productivity in China: A Spatial Durbin Econometric Analysis. J. Clean. Prod. 153 (1), 342–353. doi:10.1016/j. jclepro.2016.10.042
Kajir, O., & Board. (2019). Pulotion Index in India. Indiahealth https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7805008/.
Ong, D. (2001). The impact of Environmental Law on Corporate Governance-international and comparative perspective. England: Nottingham Trent University. https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/12/4/685/492278
Revira, J. (2016). Business and Environmental Protection. Washington DC: Jorge WashingtonUnviersity.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286960292_Business_and_environmental_protection_An_introduction
Xie, G. (2022). The effect of new environmental protection law on corporate financialization in china. China: Xianxi University https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35764736/.