تمدن اسلامی و تأثیر آن بر رنسانس اروپا

Abstract

This essay, written in Tehran, explores two key questions: How did Islamic civilization emerge? What is its position among other civilizations? Islamic civilization flourished from the first century until the eighth century AH, influencing all contemporary civilizations and astonishing people of the time. Furthermore, it provided a solid foundation for the Renaissance and the revival of science and technology in Europe. While Europeans were largely unfamiliar with these disciplines, Muslims had already made significant advancements in fields such as mathematics, alchemy, physics, medicine, mechanics, geometry, trigonometry, astronomy, geography, philosophy, logic, humanities, and social sciences. Additionally, Islamic civilization made notable contributions to architecture, miniature art, calligraphy, illumination, psychology, ambivalence, surgery, and other scientific and technical fields. These advancements were transferred from the Islamic East to European countries, significantly contributing to Europe's scientific and technological awakening.