اصول مکتب ادبی رئالیسم در ترازوی نقد

Abstract

Realism is one of the most significant literary and philosophical movements, influencing a wide range of contemporary Western intellectual schools. Its impact extends deeply into the Islamic world, shaping modern literature and philosophical thought. This raises key questions: What are the fundamental principles of realism? Why has it gained prominence among contemporary writers and philosophers in the Islamic world? How does this influence manifest in literary and philosophical works? While numerous studies have explored realism, many fail to consider its reception from an Islamic perspective. This study aims to bridge that gap by critically examining the core concepts of realism, including its historical development, defining characteristics, and the various subgenres it encompasses, such as magical realism, social realism, socialist realism, naturalistic realism, critical realism, and psychological realism. Additionally, the research discusses the leading figures of realism across different cultures, summarizing their key ideas and literary contributions. The study concludes by evaluating realism through the lens of Islamic teachings, referencing the Quran and other Islamic sources to offer a balanced critique of its philosophical and artistic foundations.