Main Article Content

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify psychopathological correlations associated with internet addiction among Bamyan University students to develop more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies through a better understanding of these factors. The present research employed a descriptive correlational design, with the statistical population comprising all students enrolled at Bamyan University during the 2023-2024 academic year. A total of 268 participants were selected using stratified random sampling. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between depression, anxiety, and stress with Internet addiction (P< 0.01). Furthermore, depression, stress, and anxiety were found to be significant predictors of Internet addiction (P< 0/0001). Anxiety, which accounted for 11% of the variance, was the best predictor, followed by depression (2%) and stress (2%). The Prevalence of internet addiction was significantly higher among male subjects. Finally, our results suggest that Self-Esteem is largely irrelevant to internet addiction (P > 0.05). Considering that Internet addiction can be predicted through the dimensions of depression and anxiety, the results of this research have important points in the field of education for students suffering from Internet addiction and therapeutic interventions to control their psychological dysfunction.

Keywords

Anxiety Depression Internet Addiction Psychopathology Self-Esteem

Article Details

How to Cite
Yusufi, M. H., & Farin, S. (2025). Investigating the Psychological Correlations of Internet Addiction Among Students at Bamyan Universities. Journal of Social Sciences - Kabul University, 8(1), 179–199. https://doi.org/10.62810/jss.v8i1.307

References

  1. جعفری، ن.، وفاتحی زاده، م. (1391). بررسی رابطه بین اعتیاد به انترنیت با افسردگی، اضطراب، فشار روانی و هراس اجتماعی در محصلان پوهنتون اصفهان. مجله علمی پوهنتون علوم پزشکی کردستان، (4)17، 1-9. http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-918-fa.html
  2. جوکار، م.، کرمی، ج.،و مؤمنی، خ. (1401). آزمون مدل اعتیاد به انترنیت بر اساس جنبه‌های آسیب‌شناسی روانی، شخصیتی و شناخت اجتماعی با میانجی‌گری راهبردهای مقابله‌ای و انتظارات استفاده از انترنیت. مجله علوم روان‌شناختی, 21(118)، 2003-2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/JPS.21.118.2003
  3. سپهریان، ف.، و لیلا، ج. (1391). ارتباط اعتیاد به انترنیت با اضطراب در تیپ‌های شخصیتی نوع A و B. تحقیق‌های علوم شناختی و رفتاری، (2)2، 17-30. https://cbs.ui.ac.ir/article_17293.html
  4. سجادیان، ا. و نادری، م. (2006). ارتباط بین افسردگی و انزوای اجتماعی کاربران انترنیت نوجوان و جوان با مدت‌زمان روزانه معمول کاربری انترنیت. مجله تحقیقات علوم رفتاری، (1)4، 33-38. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.17352029.1385.4.1.6.8
  5. شریفی، پ.،اکبری ب. ، و اسدی، ن. (1399). تدوین مدل پیش‌بینی اعتیاد به انترنیت بر اساس کیفیت زندگی و رضایت از زندگی: نقش واسطه‌ای راهبردهای مقابله با استرس. مجله علوم روان‌شناختی, 19(89), 541-551.‎ https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.17357462.1399.19.89.11.5
  6. شیر زادگان، ر. ، محمودی، ن.، و بیرانوند، ا. (1397). ارتباط بین اعتیاد به گوشی‌های هوشمند و سلامت روان محصلان‌ پرستاری پوهنتون علوم پزشکی آبادان. مجله اصول بهداشت روانی، (1)21، 70-76.‎ https://doi.org/10.22038/jfmh.2018.13887
  7. صاحبی، ع.، اصغری، م. ، و سالاری، ر.( 1384). اعتبار یابی مقیاس افسردگی اضطراب تنیدگی DASS-21) ( برای جمعیت ایران. فصلنامه روان شناسان ایران، 1(4)، 36-54. https://journals.iau.ir/article_512443.html
  8. عزیزی، ا. ، اسماعیلی، س. ، و منشادی، س. (1396). بررسی ارتباط اعتیاد به انترنیت با اضطراب و افسردگی در دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی شهرستان جلفا در سال 1392. سلامت جامع، (1)10، 18-11. https://chj.rums.ac.ir/article_45775.html
  9. عسکریان، ف. ،شاکری، م.، قوامی، و. ، و جمالی، ج. (1400). بررسی ارتباط اعتیاد به انترنیت با افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس در محصلان پوهنتون علوم پزشکی مشهد. مجله دانشکده پزشکی پوهنتون علوم پزشکی مشهد, 62(ویژه (روانشناسی)), 1866-1903.‎ https://doi.org/10.22038/mjms.2020.15617
  10. علوی، س. ، اسلامی، م. ، مرآتی، م. ، نجفی، مصطفی؛ جنتی ف. ، رضا پور، ح. (1389). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی آزمون اعتیاد به انترنیت یانگ. علوم رفتاری، (4)13، 190-183. http://noo.rs/aeTz2
  11. کافی ن.، و فرهادی، . (1399). اثربخشی درمان شناختی رفتاری گروهی بر خودآگاهی هیجانی وتوانش حل مسئله دانش‌آموزان دارای اعتیاد به انترنیت. مجله علوم روان‌شناختی, 19(85), 111-120.‎ https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.17357462.1399.19.85.1.7
  12. محمدی، نورالله. (1384). بررسی مقدماتی اعتبار و قابلیت اعتماد مقیاس حرمت خود روزنبرگ. فصلنامه روانش شناسی تحولی روانشناسان ایرانی،4(1)،313-320. https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/jip/Article/1054405/FullText
  13. Angane, A. Y. Kadam, K. S. Ghorpade, G. S. & Unnithan, V. B. (2020). Unraveling the net of self-esteem, stress, and coping skills in the era of internet addiction. Annals of Indian Psych. DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_80_19
  14. Agbaria, Q. & Bdier, D. (2021). The role of social support and subjective well-being as predictors of internet addiction among Israeli-Palestinian college students in Israel. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 1889-1902. doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00282-4
  15. An, J. Sun, Y. Wan, Y. Chen, J. Wang, X. & Tao, F. (2014). Associations between problematic internet use and adolescents' physical and psychological symptoms: possible role of sleep quality. Journal of addiction medicine, 8(4), 282-287. DOI: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000026
  16. Antony, M. M. Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological assessment, 10(2), 176. https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1573387451068492160
  17. Balhara, Y. P. S., Doric, A., Stevanovic, D., Knez, R., Singh, S., Chowdhury, M. R. R., ... & Le, H. L. T. C. H. (2019). Correlates of Problematic Internet Use among college and university students in eight countries: An international cross-sectional study. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.09.004
  18. Berte, D. Z., Mahamid, F. A., & Affouneh, S. (2021). Internet addiction and perceived self-efficacy among university students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 162-176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00160-8
  19. Berte, D. Z., Mahamid, F. A., & Affouneh, S. (2021). Internet addiction and perceived self-efficacy among university students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 162-176. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-019-00160-8
  20. Bisen, S. S., & Deshpande, Y. (2020). Prevalence, predictors, psychological correlates of internet addiction among college students in India: a comprehensive study. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/apd.47328
  21. Błachnio, A., Przepiórka, A., Gorbaniuk, O., Benvenuti, M., Ciobanu, A. M., Senol-Durak, E., ... & Ben-Ezra, M. (2019). Cultural correlates of internet addiction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(4), 258-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0667
  22. Chung, T. W. H., Sum, S. M. Y., & Chan, M. W. L. (2019). Adolescent Internet Addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, Psychosocial Correlates, and Prevention. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 64(6S), S34–S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.016
  23. Chung, S., Lee, J., & Lee, H. K. (2019). Personal factors, internet characteristics, and environmental factors contributing to adolescent internet addiction: A public health perspective. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(23), 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.016
  24. Debb, S. M., Schaffer, D. R., & Colson, D. G. (2020). A reverse digital divide: comparing information security behaviors of generation Y and generation Z adults. International journal of cybersecurity intelligence & cybercrime, 3(1), 42-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.58896/aja.v1i1.2
  25. Evren, C., Evren, B., Dalbudak, E., Topcu, M., & Kutlu, N. (2019). Relationships of Internet addiction and Internet gaming disorder symptom severities with probable attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, aggression and negative affect among university students. ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 11, 413-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12402-019-00305-8
  26. Farahani, M., Alavi, S. S., Mirzamani Bafghi, M., Esmaili Alamuti, S., Taghavi, Z., & Mohammadi, M. (2018). Psychological Factors Including Demographic Features, Mental Illnesses, and Personality Disorders as Predictors in Internet Addiction Disorder. Iranian journal of psychiatry, 13(2), 103–110. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6037575/
  27. Gervasi, A. M., La Marca, L., Costanzo, A., Pace, U., Guglielmucci, F., & Schimmenti, A. (2017). Personality and internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of recent literature. Current Addiction Reports, 4, 293-307. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40429-017-0159-6
  28. Greenberger, E., Chen, C., Dmitrieva, J., & Farruggia, S. P. (2003). Item-wording and the dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Do they matter?. Personality and individual differences, 35(6), 1241-1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00331-8
  29. Ha, Y. M., & Hwang, W. J. (2014). Gender differences in internet addiction associated with psychological health indicators among adolescents using a national web-based survey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12, 660-669. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-1079.1000248
  30. Harsej, Z., Mokhtari Lakeh, N., Sheikholeslami, F., & KazemnezhadLeili, E. (2021). Internet addiction and its relationship with family functioning in high school students. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 31(1), 44-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jhnm.31.1.2025
  31. Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short‐form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample. British journal of clinical psychology, 44(2), 227-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278711424282
  32. Hills, P., & Argyle, M. (2003). Uses of the Internet and their relationships with individual differences in personality. Computers in Human Behavior, 19(1), 59-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00016-X
  33. Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in human behavior, 31, 351-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
  34. Kim, H. K., & Davis, K. E. (2009). Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use: Evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 490-500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.11.001
  35. Kim, K., Ryu, E., Chon, M. Y., Yeun, E. J., Choi, S. Y., Seo, J. S., & Nam, B. W. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: a questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 43(2), 185-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.005
  36. Korkmaz, O., Sahin, C., & Usta, E. (2011). The Relationship between Interaction an Audience Anxiety Levels and the Internet Addiction of Adults. Contemporary Educational Technology, 2(3), 200-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/6054
  37. Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited. Journal of social issues, 58(1), 49-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00248
  38. Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?. American psychologist, 53(9), 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017
  39. Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Online gaming addiction in children and adolescents: A review of empirical research. Journal of behavioral addictions, 1(1), 3-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/JBA.1.2012.1.1
  40. Lane, H. Y., Chang, C. J., Huang, C. L., & Chang, Y. H. (2021). An investigation into smartphone addiction with personality and sleep quality among university students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(14), 7588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147588
  41. Li, W., Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2014). Family factors in Internet addiction among Chinese youth: A review of English-and Chinese-language studies. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 393-411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.004
  42. Li, W., O’Brien, J. E., Snyder, S. M., & Howard, M. O. (2015). Characteristics of internet addiction/pathological internet use in US university students: a qualitative-method investigation. PloS one, 10(2), e0117372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117372
  43. Lin, Y. J., Hsiao, R. C., Liu, T. L., & Yen, C. F. (2020). Bidirectional relationships of psychiatric symptoms with internet addiction in college students: A prospective study. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 119(6), 1093-1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2019.10.006
  44. Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour research and therapy, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
  45. Lovibond, S. H. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Sydney psychology foundation. http://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/groups/dass/order.htm
  46. Marin, M. G., Nuñez, X., & de Almeida, R. M. M. (2021). Internet Addiction and Attention in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking, 24(4), 237–249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0698
  47. Marzilli, E., Cerniglia, L., Ballarotto, G., & Cimino, S. (2020). Internet addiction among young adult university students: The complex interplay between family functioning, impulsivity, depression, and anxiety. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 8231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218231 .
  48. McKenna, K. Y., & Bargh, J. A. (2014). Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. In Personality and Social Psychology at the Interface (pp. 57-75). Psychology Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0401_6
  49. Miller, L. (1990). Neuropsychodynamics of alcoholism and addiction: Personality, psychopathology, and cognitive style. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 7(1), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0740-5472(90)90034-n
  50. Montag, C., & Reuter, M. (2017). Internet addiction (pp. 143-150). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46276-9
  51. Naseri, L., Mohamadi, J., Sayehmiri, K., & Azizpoor, Y. (2015). Perceived social support, self-esteem, and internet addiction among students of Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 9(3) http://dx.doi.org/10.17795/ijpbs-421
  52. Nie, N. H., Hillygus, D. S., Erbring, L. (2002). Internet use, interpersonal relations, and sociability: A time diary study. The Internet in everyday life, 1, 213-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470774298.ch7
  53. Omar, S. Z., Zaremohzzabieh, Z. E. I. N. A. B., Samah, A. A., Bolong, J. U. S. A. N. G., & Shaffril, H. A. M. (2020). Influence of different facets of internet addiction on subjective well-being in Malaysia: a comparison across ethnic groups. J. Komun. Malays. J. Commun, 36(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3602-12
  54. Pop-Jordanova, N., & Loleska, S. (2021). Neuropsychological Correlates of Internet Addiction. Prilozi (Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za medicinski nauki), 42(3), 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2021-0031
  55. Pullmann, H., & Allik, J. (2000). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: its dimensionality, stability and personality correlates in Estonian. Personality and Individual differences, 28(4), 701-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00132-4
  56. Puri, A., & Sharma, R. (2016). Internet usage, depression, social isolation and loneliness amongst adolescents. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 7(10). https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/ijhw/article/view/134348
  57. Richter, S. S., Brown, S. A., & Mott, M. A. (1991). The impact of social support and self-esteem on adolescent substance abuse treatment outcome. Journal of substance abuse, 3(4), 371-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-006X.68.4.684
  58. Robbins, T. W., & Clark, L. (2015). Behavioral addictions. Current opinion in neurobiology, 30, 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2014.09.005
  59. ŞAHİN, C. (2014). An analysis of the relationship between internet addiction and depression levels of high school students. Participatory Educational Research, 1(2), 53-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17275/per.14.10.1.2
  60. Sally, L. P. M. (2006). Prediction of internet addiction for undergraduates in Hong Kong. Baptist University, Hong Kong, UMI Dissertation Information Service. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2012.24051
  61. Samani, S., & Jokar, B. (2001). Validity and reliability short-form version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress. https://www.sid.ir/paper/391033/en
  62. Sezer, F., & İşgör, İ. Y. (2017). Life style and social support: The role of Computer/Internet Use. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 19(2), 356-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2017.02.005
  63. Shek, D. T., Zhu, X., & Dou, D. (2019). Influence of family processes on internet addiction among late adolescents in Hong Kong. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00113
  64. Tonioni, F., D'Alessandris, L., Lai, C., Martinelli, D., Corvino, S., Vasale, M., Fanella, F., Aceto, P., & Bria, P. (2012). Internet addiction: hours spent online, behaviors and psychological symptoms. General hospital psychiatry, 34(1), 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.09.013
  65. Widyanto, L., & McMurran, M. (2004). The psychometric properties of the internet addiction test. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 7(4), 443-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.443
  66. Yang, S. C., & Tung, C. J. (2007). Comparison of Internet addicts and non-addicts in Taiwanese high school. Computers in human behavior, 23(1), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.03.037
  67. Yang, W., Morita, N., Ogai, Y., Saito, T., & Hu, W. (2021). Associations between senses of coherence, psychological distress, escape motivation of internet use, and internet addiction among Chinese college students: A structural equation model. Current Psychology, 1-10. dor.10.1007%2Fs12144-021-02257-7
  68. Young, K. S. (2009). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
  69. Zhao, F., Zhang, Z. H., Bi, L., Wu, X. S., Wang, W. J., Li, Y. F., & Sun, Y. H. (2017). The association between life events and internet addiction among Chinese vocational school students: The mediating role of depression. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 30-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.057