تأنیث الفعل في اللغتین- العربية والبشتوية- (دراسة نحوية تقابلية)

Abstract

Every language follows its own grammatical rules; however, similarities can also be found among them. Arabic and Pashto differ significantly in the placement of grammatical components. In Pashto, the subject always precedes the predicate, whereas in Arabic, the subject follows the predicate in verbal sentences and precedes it in nominal sentences. In Arabic, when the subject is feminine, the verb must also be feminized, either obligatorily or optionally. Feminine markers in Arabic include the static "ta" at the end of past tense verbs and the dynamic "ta" at the beginning of present tense verbs. Similarly, in Pashto, verbs are feminized when the subject is feminine. However, unlike Arabic, in Pashto, transitive verbs in the past tense follow the object in terms of gender and other grammatical aspects. Feminine markers in Pashto verbs include (هْـ, لَهْ, ېْ, لِېْ) at the end of the verb.