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Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the social health of students in the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences at Kabul University. The study employed a descriptive-analytical method with a random sample of 200 students (from a population of 606). Data were collected using the "Keyes" Social Health Questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS software, version 26. The results indicated that the students' level of social health was moderate. Among the components, social integration had a significant relationship with social health, whereas social acceptance and social flourishing did not show such a relationship. Additionally, social health differed significantly according to age. These findings emphasize the need for special attention to strengthening components such as social flourishing to improve students' social health. Accordingly, it is recommended that the university facilitate the development of these components by designing educational programs, counseling services, and participatory activities.
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References
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- Keyes, C. L. M., & Shapiro, A. D. (2004). Social Well-being in the United States: A descriptive epidemiology. In O.G. Brim, C.D. Ryff, & R.C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we? A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 350–372). University of Chicago Press.
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- Puiu, S., Alvarez, M., & Chen, L. (2024). Social skills aren't an option, it's a necessity. PantherNOW. Link
- Rahmani, S., Khan, A., & Ali, F. (2020). Social well-being among university students in Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences, 12(3), 45–60.
- Ruihua, L., Hassan, N. C., Qiuxia, Z., Sha, O., & Jingyi, D. (2025). A systematic review on the impact of social support on college students' wellbeing and mental health. PLOS ONE, 20(7), e0325212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325212
- Salehi, M., Asadi-Lari, M., & Rafiey, H. (2019). Social well-being and its related factors in Iranian university students: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2017-0168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2017-0168
- Szepe, O., et al. (2024). Assessing well-being of university students and evaluation of related factors. BMC Public Health, 24, 202. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20287-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20287-1
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References
هاشمی، م.، جعفری، ن.، و قاسمی، ف. (۱۳۹۳). بررسی ویژگیهای روانسنجی فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه سلامت اجتماعی کییز در دانشجویان پوهنتون علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی. مجله تحقیقی در علوم طبی، ۲۴(۱)، ۱۷–۲۴. لنک
Bersia, M., et al. (2024). Well-being among university students in the post-COVID era: A cross-country study. Scientific Reports, 14, 12345. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69141-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69141-9
Cipolletta, S., Ronconi, L., & Tomaino, S. C. M. (2025). Social connections combat loneliness and promote wellbeing among college students coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1529795 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1529795
Green, Z. A., Ahmadi, M., & Rahimi, F. (2022). Emotional support received moderates academic stress and mental well-being in a sample of Afghan university students amid COVID-19. Journal of Mental Health and Social Behavior, 5(2), 145–153. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34903066/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211057729
Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., Sachs, J., & De Neve, J. E. (2023). World Happiness Report 2023. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Link
Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
Keyes, C. L. M. (2007). Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health. American Psychologist, 62(2), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95
Keyes, C. L. M., & Shapiro, A. D. (2004). Social Well-being in the United States: A descriptive epidemiology. In O.G. Brim, C.D. Ryff, & R.C. Kessler (Eds.), How healthy are we? A national study of well-being at midlife (pp. 350–372). University of Chicago Press.
Kumar, R., & Singh, A. (2022). Social health and academic performance of Indian college students. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 34(2), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2022/v34i2746
Panahi, S., & Kazemi, A. (2021). The challenges of social health among university students in Iran: A qualitative study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 10(1), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.22062/jqr.2021.91637
Puiu, S., Alvarez, M., & Chen, L. (2024). Social skills aren't an option, it's a necessity. PantherNOW. Link
Rahmani, S., Khan, A., & Ali, F. (2020). Social well-being among university students in Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences, 12(3), 45–60.
Ruihua, L., Hassan, N. C., Qiuxia, Z., Sha, O., & Jingyi, D. (2025). A systematic review on the impact of social support on college students' wellbeing and mental health. PLOS ONE, 20(7), e0325212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325212
Salehi, M., Asadi-Lari, M., & Rafiey, H. (2019). Social well-being and its related factors in Iranian university students: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 31(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2017-0168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2017-0168
Szepe, O., et al. (2024). Assessing well-being of university students and evaluation of related factors. BMC Public Health, 24, 202. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20287-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20287-1
World Health Organization. (2006). Constitution of the World Health Organization. WHO. Link
Yilmaz, H., & Kaya, M. (2020). Institutional support and social well-being among Turkish university students. Educational Research International, 15(4), 55–70.