بررسی بررسی پیامدهای آمدن سفیران روس و انگلیس به دربار امارت امیر دوست‌محمد خان 1834-1839م

Abstract

During 1834–1839, Afghanistan, particularly under the first reign of Emir Dost Mohammad Khan, became a field of colonial, diplomatic, and strategic competition between Tsarist Russia and Great Britain. The core of Dost Mohammad Khan's foreign policy was the recovery of Peshawar and the preservation of the country's territorial integrity, which compelled him to engage with European powers, including Russia and Britain. The mission of the official British delegation led by Burnes in 1836 and the arrival of the Russian envoy, Wiktowicz, in 1837 reflected the intense rivalry of these powers to exert influence in Afghanistan. Considering limited resources and the failure of diplomacy with Britain, the Emir cautiously cultivated relations with Russia while simultaneously using the British delegation to assess conditions and strengthen his balance of power. These developments transformed Afghanistan into a stage for competition between the two powers and laid the groundwork for direct pressure and intervention in the country's internal affairs.